Participative budgets primarily involve which of the following?

Participative budgets primarily involve input from various levels of management because they are designed to encourage collaboration and engagement across the organization. This approach allows insights and knowledge from different departments and tiers of management to be incorporated into the budgeting process. By including input from various levels, participative budgeting aims to improve the accuracy and feasibility of the budget, as those who will be directly affected by it, often have valuable perspectives and information on operational realities.

This method can lead to increased motivation and commitment among employees since they feel their contributions are valued and that they have a stake in the budgetary process. When all levels of management participate, it helps ensure that the budget aligns with the capabilities and constraints of the organization, promoting a sense of ownership and accountability.

Other options do not align with the principles of participative budgeting. Solely involving senior management ignores the essential perspectives of lower and mid-level management. Relying exclusively on past budgets can lead to stagnation and a lack of adaptability to changing circumstances, and having no involvement from line management eliminates critical insights that can guide effective budgeting.